The principle of presumption of innocence applicable in cases of violations of traffic rules (administrative offenses) means that all doubts regarding the violation of rules and the guilt of the person being held responsible are interpreted in his favor. That is, incompletely proven violations of traffic laws and the guilt of a person should be equated with the proven innocence of this person.
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To adopt a child, it is necessary to apply to the service for children, which keeps records of children who have been left without parental care and can be adopted.
An application for adoption is submitted to the court at the child's place of residence.
In order to become an adopter, you need to go through a certain procedure and submit certain documents to the court, such as copies of passports, marriage certificates, birth certificates of children, characteristics of the applicant and the child, the conclusion of the children's service about the possibility of being an adopter, certificates of income and absence criminal records, health certificates and registration at the place of residence. In addition, a court fee must be paid.
If the court decides to adopt the child, the adopter must personally pick up the child from the place of residence after presenting a copy of the court decision on adoption in the presence of a representative of the children's affairs service.
Regarding the submission of an application for the adoption of a child through a lawyer, it should be noted that in accordance with Article 223 of the Family Code of Ukraine, a person who wishes to adopt a child submits an adoption application to the court. Submission of such an application through a representative is not allowed.
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Paternity can be established if there is a marriage between the child's parents, or by a court decision, if paternity has not been recognized or denied.
To recognize paternity, you need to apply to the court with the appropriate claim. In case of recognition of paternity, the court issues a corresponding decision and enters it into the relevant state registers.
Also, paternity can be recognized through voluntary recognition of paternity with the consent of both parents. In this case, court procedures are not required.
Regarding recognition of illegitimate paternity, you can apply to the court with a claim to deny paternity. However, in order to successfully resolve such a claim, it is necessary to have sufficient evidence of the illegality of the establishment of paternity.
Disputing paternity is possible only after the birth of the child and before the child reaches the age of majority (Article 136 of the Family Code of Ukraine).