Criminal liability for online publications

I recently saw news that a blogger was sentenced to 5 years for YouTube videos where he criticized the activities of TCC employees and called for resistance, and also made statements about a certain nationality. I am concerned—where is the line between freedom of speech and criminal liability? If I, for example, sharply express myself on social media about the actions of certain state bodies or publicly call for some protests, can I also accidentally fall under such an article and be punished, even if I did not intend anything illegal?