What are the penalties for an employer if he fires a woman...

According to Article 40 of the Code of Labor Laws, absenteeism is absence from work for more than three hours during the working day without valid reasons.

Since you had valid reasons for absence and have documents confirming your stay in the hospital, you have every reason to report a criminal offense.

According to Article 172 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the illegal dismissal of an employee for personal reasons is a gross violation of labor legislation and is punishable by a fine of two thousand to three thousand non-taxable minimum incomes of citizens or deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities for a period of up to three years, or corrective works for a period of up to two years.